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Avena fatua

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Avena

wild oat

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Stout annuals.

Stems: Culms (stems) (2.5–)4.5–9(–19) dm tall.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades flat, 3–10(–15) mm wide. Surfaces scabrous to somewhat pilose. Margins entire. Veins parallel. Sheaths glabrous, smooth, with margins overlapping and eventually spreading; ligule 2–5.5(–7) mm long, obtuse, erose–ciliate, often pubescent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences paniculate, 10–25 (–38) cm long, open; spikelets 2–3(4)–flowered, rachilla densely pubescent, readily disarticulating above glumes and between florets; glumes prominently (7–)9–11 nerved, first glume narrowly lanceolate, 19–26(–29) mm long, apex acuminate, second glume lanceolate,20–28(–30) mm long, apex acuminate; lemmas 14–20(–23) mm long, 5–7–nerved, the nerves often obscure on the glossy, indurate lower 72, glabrous to moderately pilose, bilobed, the lobes less than 1 mm long, callus usually densely pilose, awns usually only on first 2 florets, (18–)28–45(–52) mm long, stout, tightly twisted below the knee, tapering above; palea firm, the 2 keels ciliate. caryopsis pale brown, linear-lanceoloid, ca. 6 mm long, appressed pubescent. Florets bisexual (perfect). Stamens 3. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Caryopsis shorter than the lemmas; concealed at maturity; terete (cylindrical); ventrally grooved; pubescent.

Ploidy: 2n = 14; 28; 42; 48

Habitat: In Hawai'i; common to occasional in pastures and along roadsides.

Elevation Range: 150–1,280 m.

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (56)

Anelytrum avenaceum Hack. (1910)
Avena ambigua Schönh. (1850)
Avena cultiformis (Malzev) Malzev (1934)
Avena fatua f. deserticola Hausskn. (1899)
Avena fatua f. subcontracta Yamag. (1975)
Avena fatua subsp. brevipilosa Kiec (2001)
Avena fatua subsp. cultiformis Malzev (1930)
Avena fatua subsp. glabrata (Peterm.) Piper & Beattie (1915)
Avena fatua subsp. intermedia Nyman (1882)
Avena fatua subsp. meridionalis Malzev (1929)
Avena fatua subsp. septentrionalis (Malzev) Malzev (1929)
Avena fatua subvar. naniformis Yamag. (1975)
Avena fatua subvar. pseudonana Yamag. (1975)
Avena fatua subvar. pumila Yamag. (1975)
Avena fatua subvar. zine Yamag. (1975)
Avena fatua var. acidophila Kiec (2001)
Avena fatua var. alcaliphila Kiec (2001)
Avena fatua var. alta Kiec (2001)
Avena fatua var. altissima Kiec (2001)
Avena fatua var. elongata Malzev (1930)
Avena fatua var. glabrata Peterm. (1841)
Avena fatua var. glabrescens Coss. & Durieu (1855)
Avena fatua var. gravis Kiec (2001)
Avena fatua var. hyugaensis Yamag. (1975)
Avena fatua var. intermedia (T.Lestib.) Lej. & Courtois (1828)
Avena fatua var. leiocarpa Malzev (1930)
Avena fatua var. levis Kiec (2001)
Avena fatua var. longiflora Malzev (1930)
Avena fatua var. longispiculata Malzev (1930)
Avena fatua var. mollis Keng (1940)
Avena fatua var. nipponica Yamag. (1975)
Avena fatua var. pilosa Syme (1872)
Avena fatua var. pilosiformis Yamag. (1975)
Avena fatua var. pilosissima Gray (1822)
Avena fatua var. pseudoculta Malzev (1930)
Avena fatua var. pseudofatua Schur (1866)
Avena intermedia Lindgr. (1841)
Avena japonica Steud. (1854)
Avena lanuginosa Gilib. (1792)
Avena ludoviciana subvar. glabrescens (Durieu ex Godr.) Husn. (1897)
Avena ludoviciana var. glabrescens Durieu ex Godr. (1856)
Avena meridionalis (Malzev) Roshev. (1932)
Avena meridionalis var. grandis Roshev. (1932)
Avena nigra Wallr. (1840)
Avena occidentalis Durieu (1864)
Avena patens St.-Lag. (1889)
Avena persica var. glabrescens (Durieu ex Godr.) Tzvelev (2019)
Avena pilosa Scop. (1771)
Avena sativa subsp. fatua (L.) Fiori (1923)
Avena sativa var. fatua (L.) Fiori (1923)
Avena sativa var. sericea Hook.f. (1896)
Avena septentrionalis Malzev (1913)
Avena sterilis Delile ex Boiss. (1884)
Avena sterilis subsp. fatua (L.) Bonnier & Layens (1894)
Avena sterilis subvar. glabrescens (Durieu ex Godr.) Husn. (1897)
Avena sterilis var. glabrescens (Durieu ex Godr.) Thell. (1911)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 80 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1499 (K, O, L, M, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Avena fatua L. kanaio maunalei edge of 1868 flows. Tree 20X3 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 671 Hawaii BISH 6/18/1918
2 Avena fatua L. kanaele mauka of kanaele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kondo, y. collector number: 12 Lanai BISH 3/23/1961
3 Avena fatua L. waikii, s. kohala; aalii paddock aalii paddock Occasional in pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2076 Hawaii BISH 5/24/1938
4 Avena fatua L. Bottom of Nike Site Road, Mokuleia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kawelo, K. USARMY 045 Oahu BISH 4/10/2007
5 Avena fatua L. Hawaii National Park Kilauea, Park Residence No. 5 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fagerlund, G.O. 623 Hawaii BISH 6/8/1943
6 Avena fatua L. road to makawao wailuka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1708 Hawaii BISH 1/20/1937
7 Avena fatua L. pohakuloa along the saddle road 1/2 mi. n.e. of the state park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 399 Hawaii BISH 3/29/1967
8 Avena fatua L. hawaii national park kilauea, park residence no. 5 epiphytic on Codium reediae PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fagerlund, g.o. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 623 Oahu BISH 6/8/1943
9 Avena fatua L. Road to Makawao Wailuka Along roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1708 Maui BISH 1/20/1937
10 Avena fatua L. kokee open meadow Botanical Garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lee, h.a. moir; barnum collector number: 236 Hawaii BISH 11/22/1925
11 Avena fatua L. Pohakuloa Along the Saddle Road 1/2 mi N.E. of the state park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 399 Hawaii BISH 3/29/1967
12 Avena fatua L. pohakuloa, hamakua, s of malahini rd ash, level PRESERVED_SPECIMEN douglas, p. hindes, c. collector number: 3678 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1990
13 Avena fatua L. koele, 2.5 mi. from jct. of keomuku and lanaihale roads, along keomuku rd In open, disturbed, dry pasture; assoc. with Hyparrhenia rufa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 5291a Lanai BISH 4/30/1975
14 Avena fatua L. Kokee Open meadow Growing in clumps PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lee, H.A. 236 Kauai BISH 11/22/1925
15 Avena fatua L. Waikii, S. Kohala; Aalii paddock Aalii paddock Occasional in pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2076 Hawaii BISH 5/24/1938
16 Avena fatua L. Kanaele Mauka of Kanaele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kondo, Y. 12 Lanai BISH 3/23/1961
17 Avena fatua L. Pohakuloa, Hamakua, S of Malahini Rd ash, level PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Douglas, P. 3678 Hawaii BISH 5/1/1990
18 Avena fatua L. Koele, 2.5 mi from jct. of Keomuku and Lanaihale Roads, along Keomuku Rd In open, disturbed, dry pasture; assoc. with Hyparrhenia rufa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5291a Lanai BISH 4/30/1975
19 Avena fatua L. maunalei road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 671 Lanai BISH 6/18/1918
20 Avena fatua L. kanepuu Epiphytic, on mossy log across a narrow wet ravine. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 308 Hawaii BISH 3/7/1928
21 Avena fatua L. kokee In black lava sea sand near windy, partly inhabited beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN morr lee; moir & barnum 236 CM 11/22/1925
22 Avena fatua L. bottom of nike site road, mokuleia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN us army kawelo, k. collector number: usarmy 45 Oahu BISH 4/10/2007
23 Avena fatua L. Kanepuu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 308 Lanai BISH 3/7/1928
24 Avena fatua L. manoa valley Roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN merrill collector number: 25 Oahu BISH 8/25/1924
25 Avena fatua L. Maunalei Road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 671 Lanai BISH 6/18/1918
26 Avena fatua L. Pohakuloa, along the Saddle Road 1/2 mile NE of the state park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 399 Hawaii PTBG 3/29/1967
27 Avena fatua L. E. Maui, Kalialinui. South of gulch along road near edge of pasture. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H20611 Maui PTBG 2/16/2006
28 Avena fatua L. W. Maui, Pohakea Gultch. Growing on steep south slope of gulch. In lowland dry grassland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H30201 Maui PTBG 3/2/2002
29 Avena fatua L. pali and vicinity of PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 13749 Hawaii US 6/17/1916
30 Avena fatua L. Ohaikea, Kau Occasional in open pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2005 Hawaii BISH 4/20/1938
31 Avena fatua L. ohaikea, kau Occasional in open pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2005 Hawaii BISH 4/20/1938
32 Avena fatua L. Manoa Valley Roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Merrill 25 Oahu BISH 8/25/1924
33 Avena fatua L. Kanaio Maunalei PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 671 Lanai BISH 6/18/1918
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